Super wide band antenna

Developing antennas into textile material is a potential way for facilitating many wireless applications, such as health monitoring of patients, fire-fighting, rescue work, and space and military personal communications. The increasing interest in wearable product such as medical devices, health monitoring, sport wear and military domains promises to replace wired- communication networks in the near future in which antennas play a paramount character. They can play a vital role in monitoring heart, blood rate or sending emergency signal for heart rhythm disorder and health irregularities. Moreover, wireless communication system can be used to determine a soldier’s physiological status including heartbeat, blood pressure, respiration and body temperature. Body area networks have special features and advantages that make them different in comparison to other wireless systems.  The devices deployed within BAN have limited sources of energy due to their compact and small size. Inspired by the idea of user centric propose to future communication technology, many research topics have been initiated, under the concept of wearable devices, to integrate antennas into the clothes with regards to size reduction and cost effectiveness. This paper presents the possible investigation for the super wide band (SWB) MIMO antenna made from 100% textile material. In this paper, SWB MIMO antenna presented for wireless communication with three different substrate materials are presented and implemented with textile material. This antenna resonates at frequencies from 1.5GHz to 38.18GHz. In addition, the antenna provides with compact, low mass, flexible, washable and robust material. Here, the performance of this antenna in terms of return loss and radiation pattern deformation at different frequencies is observed as well. Lastly, the antenna is verified by simulated and measured result. Wireless body area networks (WBAN) are a natural progression from the personal area network (PAN). Having such novel uses in pervasive system for soldier, BAN is regarded as a promising interdisciplinary technology that could have a huge impact on advancing Health-IT and telemedicine with its widespread commercialization. In addition, the wearable nodes can also communicate to a controller device that is located in the vicinity of the human body. The effect of the human body on the operation of antennas located in close proximity has been investigated widely and thoroughly in open literature including the absorption of energy within the body and on specific absorption rate (SAR) for proximate antennas and of the propagation on and off the body.

Easy to build CNC Mill Stepper Motor and Driver circuits

Actually TomMcwire is the first inventor of this project...he made it in 2007 but in my opinion this cheapest stepper driver ever and i tried this and trust me its not to much hard. i have uploaded my pcbs picture ...So it's time to drive the motors. It works with many of the free or low cost software that produce step and direction signals through the parallel printer port. let me explain this

But I would suggest for those of you who are unfamiliar with circuits to do it on a bread board. This way you can easly correct any mistakes and try different things.

This schematic is just to control one motor so for the milling machine you need 3 of these circuits and 3 motors.
From Left to right and top to bottom. I try to draw schematics so that positive voltages are toward the top and ground or negative volge is toward the bottom. Inputs are to the left and outputs to the right. Fist off the voltage that you are going to use to run the motor needs to be stepped down and regulated for the logic chips. I used a 6.2 volt Zener to do this because it's low enought for the logic chips to receive the signals from your printer port and high enough for the outputs to drive many of the standard power FETs, so you may not have to use logic FETs like the schematic shows. So the resistor R1 drops the voltage, the Zener diode regulates it to 6.2 volts and the capacitor C1 filters out any noise from the motor, and this voltage powers the two IC's.
The first IC (CD4516) is called an up/down counter. One signal from the printer port will tell the counter if it will count up or down and the other signal, called step, will increment or decrement the counter by one count. Now were only going to use two outputs from the counter Q1 and Q2. With this binary counting method there are only 4 combinations of output from the counter: 00, 01, 10, and 11. These lines are fed to the A and B inputs of the other IC (CD4028) which decodes these combinations to 4 seprate outputs.
I did a trick here using the C input to work as an Enable input. If the Enable(optional) is connected to the parallel port and the computor tells it to shut off all of the outputs to the FETs will go low(Off). So the four outputs of the decoder drive the FET transistors and the FETs drive the four poles of the motor.
Now everybody wants to know what the light bulb is for. Its not so much whether you use a bulb or a resistor, its that a bulb comes with a socket. You can get these wedge base light bulbs from 1 watt to 20 watts. Start with may be a 4 watt bulb and if you find you need a little more beef you just pull it out and put in a 10 watt bulb. It's really handy. And I found it's good to have some voltage drop there as kind of a ballast for the motor windings. The diodes catch some of the current that comes out of the motor each time the FET transistors turn off. The diode feeds this current back to the supply.
When you get the circuit up and running find a power supply that puts out more voltage than you really need and then change out light bulbs till you get it running smoothly. Some of my stepper motors are 5 or 6 volt and some are 12 volt but it all works out.here is link for pcb and documetation(http://www.4shared.com/document/YbvGovro/FX60KDGF6B7SXUN.html)
here is the link for stepper driver video (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSCpg1Hybnw)

if u have any query pllzzz ask me (shaad mahmud)

Dark activated led with 555 timer

lets direct come to the project this is simple dark ativated led....with 555 timer .....

usbasp-1

USBasp(usb programmer for avr)

usb programmer is burner for avr through usb....i made this usbasp from this..site

http://www.fischl.de/usbasp/ this was first made by them. There are different programmers available for atmel microcontrollers but the usbasp and also usbtiny is the easiest way to burn avr.
It uses an Atmega8/48 microcontroller and has an USB port. It works fine with Windows XP or 32bit versions of 7/Vista.

Now first u have to burn the atmega8/48 with another programmer..for this u can use stk200,DAPA,stk 500 Or any other progammer, to burn the atmega u'l need firmware. For easy understanding the whole procedure is given below with number.

1. First get an atmega8/48(i have tried also atmega88 and it works)

2.Get the firmware (http://www.fischl.de/usbasp/usbasp-windriver.2009-02-28.zip)

3. Get another programmer (the best for newB will be parallel port programmer here is the link http://www.arduino.cc/en/Hacking/ParallelProgrammer)

4. Burn the fuse bit of atmega its located in the usb firmware file. If u open makefile the Lfuse and Hfuse is given. so fuse this bits with avrdude(here is the avrdude command for parallel port programmer "avrdude -c bsd -pm8 -U hfuse:w:0xdf:m -U lfuse:w:0xef:m ").

5. Then just upload the hex file to the atmega (the command for upload "avrdude -c bsd -pm8 -U flash:w:main.hex " here the m8 stands for atmega 8 and main.hex is ur file name.)
6. After burning the ic u have to make the circuit. u can make pcb(i have uploaded mine :D) or hand made circuit or bread board version.

7. now the installation part- to use avrdude download Winavr(http://sourceforge.net/projects/winavr/files/)

8.Copy avrdude.conf and avrdude.exe to "C:\WinAVR-20100110\bin\"

9. now we r almost at the end... to use usbasp u can try
1)avrdude
2)ectremee burner (http://extremeelectronics.co.in/software/BurnerAVR/Setup.exe)
3)EasyProg (http://www.4shared.com/file/Vs6RAcvH/EasyProg_AVR_USB_Programmer.html)

please feel free to ask if u have any query .....thank u (shaad mahmud)