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Thursday, August 12, 2010

Easy to build CNC Mill Stepper Motor and Driver circuits




Actually TomMcwire is the first inventor of this project...he made it in 2007 but in my opinion this cheapest stepper driver ever and i tried this and trust me its not to much hard. i have uploaded my pcbs picture ...So it's time to drive the motors. It works with many of the free or low cost software that produce step and direction signals through the parallel printer port. let me explain this

But I would suggest for those of you who are unfamiliar with circuits to do it on a bread board. This way you can easly correct any mistakes and try different things.

This schematic is just to control one motor so for the milling machine you need 3 of these circuits and 3 motors.
From Left to right and top to bottom. I try to draw schematics so that positive voltages are toward the top and ground or negative volge is toward the bottom. Inputs are to the left and outputs to the right. Fist off the voltage that you are going to use to run the motor needs to be stepped down and regulated for the logic chips. I used a 6.2 volt Zener to do this because it's low enought for the logic chips to receive the signals from your printer port and high enough for the outputs to drive many of the standard power FETs, so you may not have to use logic FETs like the schematic shows. So the resistor R1 drops the voltage, the Zener diode regulates it to 6.2 volts and the capacitor C1 filters out any noise from the motor, and this voltage powers the two IC's.
The first IC (CD4516) is called an up/down counter. One signal from the printer port will tell the counter if it will count up or down and the other signal, called step, will increment or decrement the counter by one count. Now were only going to use two outputs from the counter Q1 and Q2. With this binary counting method there are only 4 combinations of output from the counter: 00, 01, 10, and 11. These lines are fed to the A and B inputs of the other IC (CD4028) which decodes these combinations to 4 seprate outputs.
I did a trick here using the C input to work as an Enable input. If the Enable(optional) is connected to the parallel port and the computor tells it to shut off all of the outputs to the FETs will go low(Off). So the four outputs of the decoder drive the FET transistors and the FETs drive the four poles of the motor.
Now everybody wants to know what the light bulb is for. Its not so much whether you use a bulb or a resistor, its that a bulb comes with a socket. You can get these wedge base light bulbs from 1 watt to 20 watts. Start with may be a 4 watt bulb and if you find you need a little more beef you just pull it out and put in a 10 watt bulb. It's really handy. And I found it's good to have some voltage drop there as kind of a ballast for the motor windings. The diodes catch some of the current that comes out of the motor each time the FET transistors turn off. The diode feeds this current back to the supply.
When you get the circuit up and running find a power supply that puts out more voltage than you really need and then change out light bulbs till you get it running smoothly. Some of my stepper motors are 5 or 6 volt and some are 12 volt but it all works out.here is link for pcb and documetation(http://www.4shared.com/document/YbvGovro/FX60KDGF6B7SXUN.html)
here is the link for stepper driver video (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSCpg1Hybnw)

if u have any query pllzzz ask me (shaad mahmud)

1 comment:

  1. Hi,

    I'm very instrested to your project, i see that you make some changes in the pcb,but in the link for the download there is only the schematic.
    Can you share also the pcb?

    Thank you,
    Davuzz11

    ReplyDelete